Notes.

- During the late 1000s, the Seljuq Turks, a Muslim people from Central Asia, gained control of Palestine. 

- Palestine was known as "the Holy Land" among Christians.

- The Crusades, a series of military expeditions, began. The crusades was an expedition to regain control of the Holy Land from the Turks. 

- They sewed a cross of cloth on their clothes and were called, the Crusaders.

- At least 10,000 Europeans joined in.

- Some went to save their souls.
- They believed that if they died in the Crusade, that they'd go to Heaven.

- The first Crusade lasted from 1096, to 1099.

- Both French and Italian sent several armies of crusaders from Europe to Constantinople.

- The first Crusade brought much of the Holy Land under European control.

- By 1146, the Turks had united their forces. They started taking back cities that the crusaders had captured.

- In 1147, the Second Crusade began. France and Germany were allies, but failed to regain the city.. The Turks prevailed. So, in 1149, the crusaders returned to Europe in disgrace.

- In 1187, the Muslim leader, Saladin gained control of Jerusalem.

- The Third Crusade lasted from 1189 to 1192. It also failed. When Barbaossa drowned on the way to the Holy Land, his army turned back.

- The Fourth Crusade, in 1204, they attacked and looted Constantinople, another Christian city. 

- They stole many things, sacred to the Byzantine Christians.

- The Byzantine's eventually regaiend their city, but never regained their strength.

- In 1212, the short-lived and unfortunate Children's Crusade took place.

- Young people from across Europe decided to march to the Holy Land and regain it fro Christian Europe. The young crusaders lacked equipment, training, and supplies.

- The Crusades' goal was to take the Holy Land back from the Turks. All of the Crusades except for the first failed at doing so.

- During the Crusades, the weapon of choice was the crossbow.
- To raise money, some Lords had sold their land. Without their land, tehy had no power in the feudal system. 

- Changes in trade also took place. Italian cities became major trading centers, ships from Italian cities carried crusaders to the Holy Land.

The Vow Of Silence.

      In all honesty, this was one of the most difficult things I've ever had to do. If I was to challenge my self to an entire day of nothing but silence, I couldn't do it. It would be the hardest day of my life, if I were to do that. I found it challenging to not speak for this class, so I don't even want to imagine an entire day of it! If this activity has taught me anything, it's that a person's voice is very powerful. It's very difficult to not speak, even for an hour and a half.
     If you were unable to use your voice, you would have to have excellent communication skills. You would have to find other ways to interact with other people, which is a hard thing to do, especially if you have a lot to say. You would also require a lot of patience, so that you don't lose your temper.
 

Notes...

Bathing -
1. People bathed once a month.
2. People wore the same clothes every day. They had the same outfit.
3. They used lavender flowers and mint in the water for cleaning. These were used to keep fleas away because they had a lot of animals and straw in their houses.

Chairman -
1. The word chairman comes from the middle ages where a house had only one chair for the exclusive use of the man of the family.

Sleeping -
1. At night time people would pile onto a mattress. (a lump of straw on the floor) The whole family slept in the same bed. If an animal was friendly, they could sleep in the bed, to keep you warm of course.

Troubadours -
1. They traveled from town to town, singing for their supper.
2. His songs were often of love, or the glory of kings.
3. Troubadours would strum a lute or guitar.

Notes

Shires- people that collected taxes
Alfred the Great- first anglosaxon king
Edward the Confessor- the second anglosaxon king
When ETC died there was supposed to be a war, because there was no ere for the throne. Harold Godmanson was an Englishman who was in line for thone, he was brother in law. William was the duke of Normandy, France  but he lived from away. He should've got throne because he was blood-related(cousin). William won the battle, and was nicknamed William the Conqueror. Frenchman William, took the throne and was the first to collect a sinses. Instead of receiving money for sinses, they used it to tax people for their children and animals. Took all information and combined it into a book called Dombs Day Book. It's important because it was to them like our tax day. When William dies, he is replaced by Henry the 1st but Henry the 2nd eventually replaced him. Henry claims that the church should be held accountable for actions just like everyone else, but Thomas Becken disagreed. He thought the church should be seperate from the government, and when he visited William to explain his opinion to him they got into an argument. After they were both extremely mad, Thomas left and William said he wished he would just die. Two of his knights killed Thomas, and were put in prison. Later, Thomas became known as a saint. Some people were taxed as high as 87%. People of England met at the town of Runningneed. They developed one of the greatest documents in history, called the Magna Carta. King was forced to sign the document. The Maga Carta became a cornerstone in history. Its original purpose was to limit the kin's power and protect the nobles feudal rights. It allowed a group to be able to empower king if he violated conditions.

If I could visit any country...

     I would have to choose the United Kingdom, if I were to choose a country to visit. I have always wanted to visit it, because it's one of the many countries that fascinate me. If I were to ever travel there, I would probably visit the filming sites of Harry Potter, since I am such a huge fan of the movies. I'd also visit as many castles as I could, because there are many different ones located there and I find castles to be rather interesting. While visiting the UK, I would have to go to London, and see all the historical sites there, as well. Not only do the places in the United Kingdom fascinate me, but the people do as well. I am in love with British accents, so I would probably talk to as many people as possible, just to hear their voice.

Pop-Up Book Notes.

(Absent on 1/12/12)


Lindsey Crowther : Bosnia.
1.) Language spoken in Bosnia is Serbian.
2.) Bosnian children books are mostly of religion.
3.) Bosnia is a democracy.
4.) Toys in Bosnia are not usually well made.
5.) Ramadan and Easter are celebrated in Bosnia.


Shania Pennington : Peru.
1.) The language spoken here is Spanish.
2.) Most games are sports, that are played here.
3.) Children usually play with marbles.
4.) Main ingrediants in food are rice, potatoes...
5.) They wear a mix of hispanic and European clothes.


Faith Cline : Brazil.
1.) The language spoken here is Portuguese.
2.) It is the only country in South America to not speak Spanish.
3.) Folk tales were first told by the Indiguous people.
4.) The most popular game is Queimamba.
5.) Some tourist attractions are their white sand beaches, and tropical islands.


Caleb Hawkins : Zimbabwea
1.) The language spoken is mostly English.
2.) They play a game called Burger, where the children learn adulthood.
3.) Education consists of a Primary and Secondary school.
4.) Their independence day is in April.
5.) Their national food is salsa.


Mark Hill : Greece
1.) The languaage spoken is Greek and is spoken by 99% of the population.
2.) One of the most famous children's story is the Tortoise and The Hare.
3.) Richer familes, had more toys for their children, such as dolls.
4.) A common meal for most people in Greece is lamb and potatoes.
5.) There are three levels of education which is primary, secondary, and higher school.


John Terwilliger : Spain.
1.) The capital city is Madrid.
2.) Spanish is the main language spoken.
3.) Most children practice sports, and watch TV, like in the US.
4.) They won the world cup in 2010.
5.) They eat multiple varities of beans.


Hannah Gregg : Portugal
1.) They speak Portuguese.
2.) One of their clidren stories is Fly Lady Bug Fly.
3.) Some of their toys are slate boards, and tambourines.
4.) One of their desserts is the custard.
5.) Christmas is on December 25th and the children write to Jesus instead of Santa Claus.


Haley Truman : Switzerland
1.) The language spoken there is Swedish.
2.) Rag dolls, and building blocks were some of their toys.
3.) Switzerland'd independence day is on January 6th.
4.) Most schools require uniforms.
5.) Most common dish is meatballs.


Samantha Mason : Morocco
1.) Official language is Arabic.
2.) Their alphabet has 28 letters and are all consinants.
3.) They read from right to left, rather than left to right.
4.) They go to highschool for three years.
5.) They begin teaching French in the third grade.


Madori Elmore : Germany
1.) Languages spoken there are German, Turkish, and Polish.
2.) A popular game is called Chocolate Ear.
3.) Their All Saints day is like the United States' Halloween.
4.) Germany's education system is different in all states.
5.) Their government is a Constitutional Legislature.


Krista Robinson : Barbadus
1.) Native language is English.
2.) Folk songs, such as Ba Ba Black Sheep are passed down to children.
3.) They have a Prime Minister.
4.) They love sweets, so custards are important.
5.) Their Independence day is November 30th.


Kristen Strawder : Japan.
1.) Tokyo is the capital city.
2.) Some toys, such as kites, are played with by children.
3.) One of the most original foods is Sushi.
4.) A popular children's story is the Little Fox.
5.) A tradition is to have a garden, showing how you perceive nature.


Taylor Talbott : Fiji
1.) Has a variety of fish, and fruit.
2.) A rule in Fiji is to not wear hats, in villages.
3.) When entering villages, it is customary to give gift of Caja. (?)
4.) There are 700 Primary schools.
5.) Fiji has many beautiful beaches, and islands.


Raychel Fitzwater : Italy
1.) Capital city is Rome.
2.) Italy's children toys, are a lot like the toys we have in the US.
3.) Italian food is very traditional, and they make a lot of homemade breads.
4.) Infany Eve is on January 5ht.
5.) You must attend school from the age of 5-15.