Test Answers.

1. The Renaissance began in this city : Florence, Italy.
2. An interest in the classic is called : Liberalism.
3.  Who wrote the first modern biography? JAMES BOSWELL?
4. Who wrote "The Prince"? Niccolo Machiavelli.
5. Who created David? Michelangelo.
6. Where was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance?
7. Who painted the "Mona Lisa"? Leonardo DaVinci.
8. What was the famous family in Florence that ruled? the Medici family.
9. Donatello, Michelangelo, and Ghiberti were all what? Renaissance artists.
10. Who painted "The Last Supper"? Leonardo DaVinci.
11. Who painted the Sistine Chapel? Michelangelo.
12. Who invented the movable metal type? Johannes Gutenberg.
13. What is a French name for a castle? Chateau.
14. Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg are referred to as the __________________ countries.
15. In the Renaissance they began to paint with what? oil paints.
16. Who wrote the book, "Utopia"? Thomas More.
17. Who was a classical playwright whose works included Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, and Othello? William Shakespeare.
18. This is a change in the church's way of teaching and practicing Christianity :
19. Tickets issued by the church said to reduce the punishment for one's sins and even future sins : Indulgences.
20. Who believed in justification by faith?
21. Luther nailed these to the door of a Whitenburg chruch to protest the Catholic beliefs :
22. What was the first Protestant faith?
23. Who was the founder of Lutheranism? Martin Luther.
24. Who was the Swiss reformer?
25. What is a church-run state called?
26. Who wrote the institutes of Christian religion?
27. Who was the founder of Calvinism? John Calvin.
28. What is it called when God determines the fate of every person?
29. These people believed that only adults could be baptized :
30. Who was Henry's first wife? Catherine.
31. Who was Henry's second wife? Anne.
32. Who was Henry's third wife? Jane.
33. Who was Henry's fourth wife? Anne.
34. Who was Henry's fifth wife? Catherine.
35. Who was Henry's sixth wife? Catherine.
36. What happened to Henry's first wife? divorced.
37. What happened to Henry's second wife? beheaded.
38. What happened to Henry's third wife? died.
39. What happened to Henry's fourth wife? divorced.
40. What happened to Henry's fifth wife? beheaded.
41. What happened to Henry's sixth wife? survived.
42. Why did Henry VIII get married so many times? He wanted to have a son, so he would have an heir to the throne.
43. Name Henry's children : Mary, Edward, and Elizabeth.
44. Who became head of the church during Henry VIII's reign?
45. The inquisition was brought about to restore whose authority? 
46. This was a change by the Catholic Church : 
47. Who was the founder of the Jesuits?
48. What was the name of the society of Jesus? Jerusalem.
49. The main job of the Jesuits was to be?
50. The qualities of being merciful, trustworthy, humane, religious, and honest were the qualities of a good person according to whom?

Renaissance People,

Pieter Brueghel
- painted the Peasant Dance, which is a painting that relied on detail and realism.

Niccolo Machiavelli
- wrote a book called, "The Prince"

Filippo Brunelleschi
- designed and built a dome for the Florence Cathedral.

Christopher Columbus

- Sailed the ocean in 1492.

- Wanted to spread the Christian religion.

- Explored for Spain.

- 4 voyages across the ocean.

John Calvin

- Influential pastor.

- Originally a lawyer, but broke from the Catholic church.

- He introduced new forms of government.

- Followed by refugees and city council.

- Exchanged letters with many other reformers.
- Jeneva was the center of Calvinism. 


Robert Hook
- British philosopher.
- Originated of the word "cell" in biology.
- Developed the compound microscope.


Leonardo DaVinci
- Vegetarian.
- Most famous work was Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
- Invented and sketched early tanks and cars.
- Began painting at age fifteen.


Michealangelo
- Poet, architect, & engineer.
- Most famous artwork was the Pita.
- Painted the ceiling of Sistine Chapel.

Prince Henry
- Third son of King John.
- In 1419, his father appointed him the governor of Algarve.
- Started the first school for oceanic navigation.
- Established a center for navigation & exploration.


Miguel de Servantes
- Spanish novelist.
- Died in Madrid.
- Wrote Don Quixote


Sir Thomas Moore
- An English lawyer.
- Recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church.
- Humanist.
- Wrote a book titled, "Utopia" that shared a vision of a society of equals.

 Louis Labe
- female french poet.
- Daughter of a rope maker.
- She died in 1566, and was buried by her country property with her husband.
- Author who encouraged women to write books.

 Gohannes Gutenberg
- Invented the mobile type printing press.


Aretmisia Gentileschi
- Painted pictures of strong women, including a self-portrait.


Martin Luther
- Wrote the 95 thesis, challenging the Catholic Church.


Nicolaus Copernicus
- Published the theory that the Earth was not the center of the universe.


Andreas Vesalius
- Published detailed descriptions of the human anatomy.

Galileo Galilie
- Created a powerful telescope and was the first to study and record sun spots.

Emvrose Pare
- A surgeon who developed the use of bandages.

 

Education In Italy

Education in Italy is required from age six, to sixteen and is divided into five stages: kindergarten (scuola dell'infanzia), primary school (scuola primaria), lower secondary school  (scuola secondaria di primo grado), upper secondary school (scuola secondaria di secondo grado), and university (università). Italy also has both private, and public school systems.  

     There are three years of kindergarten, or nursery school, although they are non-compulsory. Then, primary school contains five years. Until middle school, each student is given the same curriculum. All subjects are studied the same. All students receive a basic education Italian, English, Mathematics, Biology, Geology, History, Geography, Social Studies, Physical Education, and Visual and Musical Arts.

     Secondary education has two stages: a lower stage and an upper stage. The lower stage corresponds to middle school, and the upper stage corresponds to high school. After the upper secondary school is completed, and you pass the final exam (Esame di Maturità) you will earn your diploma for further education.

     Their education system is very similar to that of the United States’. Their primary school, which would be our elementary school, contains five years just like the United States’. The lower secondary school consists of three years, usually from age eleven to thirteen, which is the same in the US. At the end of the third year, the students take an exam to further their education. Unlike the US, Italy’s upper secondary school, which is like our high school, consists of five years. The United States’ consists of only four years. 

Chapter 15 ; Section 3

1. Eramus wasn't alone in his criticism of the church. Many humanists agreed in about 1500.
2. Their claims led to a movement known as the Reformation.
3. Northern humanists claimed that the church was more interested in income rather than saving souls.
4. The first break w/ the Catholic Church occurred in what is now Germany.
5. "Germany" was not a unified nation.
6. "Germany" was made up of about 300 independent states.
7. The Vatician sent a monk to raise funds in the northern German states.
8. He asked people for indulgences.
9. Indulgences were pardons from punishment of sins.
10. They sold indulgences for profit of Renaissance popes.
11. Rulers allowed sellers of indulgences to move freely about.
12. A critic of this behavior was known as Martin Luther.
13. Luther quit school, and entered a monestary in order to find salvation.
14. Through his biblical studies, he recieved a revalation.
15. 
    

Notes on Sections 2, 3, and 4.

Section 2 : The Revival of Trade.
- After the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 400s, trade almost died out in western Europe.
- Because of the Crusades, trade began to grow again in Europe.
- Northern Europe wanted Asian goods, and those goods could be bought in southwest Asia.
- The Italian city-states of Genoa, Pisa, and Venice became important trading centers.
- Ships from Italian cities took Crusaders to Palestine, and on the trip back they brought goods from Asia.
- Trade also began to grow in Northern Europe. 
- Flanders became an important trading center.
- German cities on the Baltic, and North Seas also became important trading centers.
- The three most important were Bremen, Hamburg, and Lubeck.
- The Crusades had increased Europeans demands for new items.
- At first, business at fairs was done through a simple barter economy. Goods and services were exchanged for other goods an services, with no money.
- The system of manufacturing that developed during the Middle Ages was known as domestic system.
- Christian church did not allow usury, or charging interest on loans.
-Capital is wealth that is earned, saved, and invested to make profits.

Section 3 : The Growth of Towns.
- Townspeople made their living by making and trading goods.
- In each town, a merchant guild had the sole right to trade there.
- Skilled workers came together in craft guilds, which were a group of talented people who made things.
- At first, a boy would serve as an apprentice, and then a young man became a journeyman.
- Towns guild memebers became middle class.
- In the Middle Ages, most northern and western European cities had fewer than 2,000 people.
- Towns offered serfs a chacne to help improve their lives.
- Some serfs escaped to towns to gain freedom.
- In the Middle Ages, cities often stood on hilltops or lay along riverbeds.

Notes.

• Reformation - the process of changing the church
• Catholic Church - lost sight of spiritual mission
• The church needed money.
•  The Pope Leo hired someone to charge people for their forgiveness of sins. 
• Indulgences are money paid for sins 
• Martin Luther was a monk who believed in the justification by faith.
• He wrote the 95 thesis and tacks them to the door of the church in Whittenberg.
• ^ 95 statements were against indulgences.
• Martin Luther expelled from the catholic church.

1.   Catholic Church - lost sight of spiritual mission
2.  Popes did not set an example of moral leadership.
3. Priest engaged in misconduct.
4. The church became interested in income, rather than saving souls.
5. No central government in Germany. (Which meant no control over religious ideas or papel abuses.
6. Tetzel began selling indulgences.
7. Luther was summoned to appear infront of the imperial diet. (Council of Catholic Church) In Worns, Germany.
8. Luther is commanded to abandon his ideas. - He refuses.
9. Luther is banished from the empire.
10. Luther translates the Bible into German.
11. Luther's works & ideas continue to spread.
12. Luther establishes the first Protestant Church.
13. First denomination was Lutheranism.

Powerpoint Project

Powerpoint Project 

-Groups of three.
- Select nursery rhyme.
- 6 slide powerpoint
- slides 1-3 history of nursery rhyme.
- 1-2 line by line, summarize
- 2 pictures per slide
- slide 3 WANT AD - slogan, pics, highlight events
- slides 4-6 pick another historical event: make nursery rhyme 

Utopia
- 15 total. 
- 10 pictures.
- 5 words (Symbolism)